Stoner, J. A. F., & Freeman R. E.
(1989).
Management.
"The job itself can be made intrinsically motivating. If jobs are designed to fulfill some of the higher needs of employees (such as independence or creativity), they can be motivating in themselves. This implication is obviously the basis of many job enrichment programs; however, those individuals who do not desire enriched jobs should not be made to take them." (p. 448)
Hersey, P., & Blanchard K.
(1977).
Management of Organizational Behavior : Utilizing Human Resources.
"In our society today, there is almost a built-in expectation in people that physiological and safety needs will be fulfilled. In fact, most people do not generally have to worry about where their next meal will come from or whether they will be protected from the elements or physical danger. They are now more susceptible to motivation from other needs: People want to belong, be recognized as 'somebody', and have a chance to develop to their fullest potential. As William H. Haney has said:
'The managerial practice, therefore, should be geared to the subordinate's current level of maturity with the overall goal of helping him to develop, to require progressively less external control, and to gain more and more self-control. And why would a man want this? Because under these conditions he achieves satisfaction on the job at all levels, primarily the ego and self-fulfillment levels, at which he is the most motivatable.' " (p. 182)
Randall, C. B.
(1967).
Managers for Tomorrow : A Modern Psychological Approach to the Managerial Process.
No matter all of the talk about people's loss of interest in their work, the manager can still count on the desire to do a good job; pride in performance will always exist. However, there are forces, both in the work situation and in our society at large, that limit opportunities to fulfill this motive.
One factor in the work situation is the nature of the job. If the work to be done is dull and unchallenging, the individual can get no real satisfaction from doing it well."