Social Organization of Work
Title | Social Organization of Work |
Publication Type | Book |
Pub Year | 1995 |
Authors | Hodson, R., & Sullivan T. A. |
Publisher | Wadsworth Publishing Company |
Keywords | alienation, automation, bureaucracy, change, hierarchy, innovation, productivity, rationality, reward, scientific management |
Notes |
alienation"Alienation occurs when work provides inadequately for human needs for identity and meaning. Work is alienating to the extent that one does it only from economic necessity, not from its intrinsic pleasures." (p. 56) "A common response to alienating work is passive resistance through making work into a game (Burawoy, 2000), restricting one`s output (Roy, 1952), or focusing on aspects of work tangential to the main productive activity (Collinson, 2003). For instance, workers often adjust to alienating situations by focusing on interactions with their peers. Managers label such behavioral responses 'poor performance.' However, such behaviors do not necessarily result from incompetence or laziness: rather, they may be straightforward responses to having a job that is tedious, repetitive, or alienating. These responses are difficult to predict from workers' levels of job satisfaction or commitment. Workers who are very committed to their work may be the ones most likely to resist alienating conditions. Those who are less committed may simply exit or grudgingly suffer in silence." (p. 68) scientific management"Scientific management and technical control, because they treat the worker like a machine or an animal, deny the humanity of workers. These systems of organizing work thus do not reap the benefits of workers' enthusiastic participation and may generate many unanticipated consequences as well." (p. 192) automation"In 1952 Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., wrote The Player Piano1. The novel portrays a future society in which automation has eliminated all jobs except those of a few select engineers. Unemployment is pervasive in spite of public works projects and a chronic state of manufactured war with an illusive enemy." (p. 208) |