Shafritz, J. M., & Hyde A. C.
(1987).
Classics of Public Administration.
"Taylor, generally considered the 'father of scientific management', pioneered the development of time and motion studies. Today, scientific management is frequently referred to as pseudo-scientific management because of its conceptualization of people as merely extensions of machines—as human interchangeable parts of a large impersonal production machine." (p. 3)