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(1977). The managerial woman.
"It is healthy and natural for all persons, men and women, to live directly in both the instrumental and the affective worlds. The best example we can give to explain what we are talking about is to quote the man who said, 'My boss is the best boss I've ever had. When you go in there and she criticizes your work she makes sure you leave feeling you are a good and valuable person who wrote a bad report.'"
(1974). Modern Management and Machiavelli.
"The discharged employee is hopefully restrained from doing a great many things that he would like to do through fear of what it might cost him in terms of pay, good recommendations, and the law." (p. 168)
(1972). Man and the Computer.
(1970). Man For Himself: An Inquiry Into the Psychology of Ethics.
"Since modern man experiences himself as both the seller and the commodity to be sold on the market, his self-esteem depends on conditions beyond his control. If he is 'successful,' he is valuable; if he is not, he is worthless." (p. 72)
(1969). Management: Theory and Practice.
"First of all, the chief executive can exercise great powers on legal grounds. The bylaws of most corporations provide for the appointment of a chief executive who has practically full powers except as they are limited by the board of directors.
Secondly, the chief executive can strengthen this power by judicious use of rewards and punishments. Complying subordinates can be given salary increases, bonuses, stock options, benefits of all kinds, and status symbols, such as large offices, free cars, and credit cards. Conversely, he can withhold these and other privileges from subordinates who oppose his views. And he need not resort to discharge to make his displeasure even more evident. He can send men to 'managerial Siberia'—some post where they have nothing of importance to do—or gradually withdraw responsibilities from them until they become disgusted enough to quit. It is not necessary for the chief executive to take drastic steps very often. If he has occasionally done so in the past, few will care to challenge his power." (p. 88)
Secondly, the chief executive can strengthen this power by judicious use of rewards and punishments. Complying subordinates can be given salary increases, bonuses, stock options, benefits of all kinds, and status symbols, such as large offices, free cars, and credit cards. Conversely, he can withhold these and other privileges from subordinates who oppose his views. And he need not resort to discharge to make his displeasure even more evident. He can send men to 'managerial Siberia'—some post where they have nothing of importance to do—or gradually withdraw responsibilities from them until they become disgusted enough to quit. It is not necessary for the chief executive to take drastic steps very often. If he has occasionally done so in the past, few will care to challenge his power." (p. 88)
(1967). Managers for tomorrow.
"The motivations for work that stem from the desire to hang on and protect ourselves from real or imaginary attack have one common core—the direction of the motivational force is negative. The aim is to avoid or minimize trouble. Work under such conditions is at best burdensome and at its worst approaches the nightmare fringes of terror. Short-range output may be high, but the endurance of the worker is as yet undetermined." (p. 134)
(1967). Managers for Tomorrow : A Modern Psychological Approach to the Managerial Process.
No matter all of the talk about people's loss of interest in their work, the manager can still count on the desire to do a good job; pride in performance will always exist. However, there are forces, both in the work situation and in our society at large, that limit opportunities to fulfill this motive.
One factor in the work situation is the nature of the job. If the work to be done is dull and unchallenging, the individual can get no real satisfaction from doing it well."
One factor in the work situation is the nature of the job. If the work to be done is dull and unchallenging, the individual can get no real satisfaction from doing it well."
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