Biblio

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1983
1984
Winston, P. H. (1984).  LISP.
Brod, C. (1984).  Techno Stress: The Human Cost of the Computer Revolution.
"Unemployment ultimately eats away at self-esteem. We normally spend much of our time discussing work, socializing with our co-workers, and thinking about our jobs. We identify with the work we do. Status is earned according to what we do, how much we earn, and whether or not we supervise others, and, if so, how many. Our sense of worth, confidence, and security disappears when we lose our jobs." (p. 57)
1985
Pacey, A. (1985).  The Culture of Technology.
Harry Braverman draws an instructive comparison with the first industrial revolution. That was not primarily a technical revolution; there was no change in the nature of many processes, which were merely reorganized on the basis of the division of labour. Craft production was dismembered and subdivided so that it was no longer 'the province of any individual worker'. In the modem 'revolution' the whole system is transformed. New materials, techniques and machines are used in an effort 'to dissolve the labour process as a process conducted by the worker and reconstitute it as a process conducted by management'. The individual workman or operative is analysed almost as a piece of machinery; he or she is seen as a 'sensory device', linked to a 'computing mechanism' and 'mechanical linkages'. This, says Braverman, is what modern industry 'makes of humanity'; labour is 'used as an interchangeable part' and progress is seen as a matter of indefinitely increasing the number of tasks that can be carried out by machine. The final triumph is achieved when all the human components have been exchanged for mechanical or electronic ones." (p. 110)
1986

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