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Deming, E. W. (1982).  Out of the Crisis.
"Basically, what is wrong is that the performance appraisal or merit rating focuses on the end product, at the end of the stream, not on leadership to help people. This is a way to avoid the problems of people. A manager becomes, in effect, a manager of defects....
The effect is exactly the opposite of what the words promise. Everyone propels himself forward, or tries to, for his own good, on his own life preserver. The organization is the loser.
Merit rating rewards people that do well in the system. It does not reward attempts to improve the system. Don't rock the boat."
Deming, E. W. (1982).  Quality Productivity and Competitive Position.
"The economic loss from fear is appalling. It is necessary, for better quality and productivity, that people feel secure." (p. 33)
Deming, E. W. (1993).  The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education.
"The most important act that a manager can take is to understand what it is that is important to an individual. Everyone is different from everyone else. All people are motivated to a different degree extrinsically and intrinsically. This is why it is so vital that managers spend time to listen to an employee to understand whether he is looking for recognition by the company, or by his peers, time at work to publish, flexible working hours, time to take a university course. In this way, a manager can provide positive outcomes for his people, and may even move some people toward replacement of extrinsic motivation with intrinsic motivation." (p. 115)

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